Model
Charles Danforth of The Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado USA, details galactic density wave principles in The Origins of Spiral Arms.
Magnetohydrodynamic density waves in a galactic disk system of stars and gas are further researched by Lou and Fan (Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, Volume 2, Issue 2, May 1997, Pages 59-64 View Abstract).
Anthony Peratt has focused on plasma astrophysics Plasma and the Universe: Large Scale Dynamics, Filamentation, and Radiation researching it's role in galaxy morphology.
The density wave phenomenon observed in the expanding and oscillating films are closely related to many astrophysical structures.
Arp 74
AM2133
AM2225
Arp 325
AM0229
Arp 177
Other common features in vibrating bubble films include ejection of nuclei or formation of satellites both transient and stable, suggesting ejection of anomalous redshifted quasars from galaxies as related to work by Halton Arp Formation of Structure in the Universe.
NGC7603
Detail
This bubble model of astrophysical fluid dynamics is based on two forces, oscillation and/or expansion. From the experiments, it can also be hypothesized that a polygonal field is required for some phenomena to occur and polygonal galactic environments are not unusual.
Typical vibrating pentagonal bubble film activity at 28 hz
Hypothetical polygonal oscillating fields of AM 2154
Some potential sources of internal or external oscillation are: temperature differentials, gravitation, magnetohydrodynamics, very large diocotron-like plasma activity, cosmic Birkeland currents or field-aligned currents, large-scale magnetic cusp activity, relativistic expansion, density waves, BAO and cymatic-type effects, which are also capable of defying gravity, a principle discovered by Hans Jenny The Structure and Dynamics of Waves and Vibrations by Hans Jenny.
Antennae Stephan's Quintet
Multiple galaxies or systematic nuclei, which ordinarily may appear colliding, vibrate at various resonant frequencies. Other factors determining the formation and evolution of the system are inflow and densities of matter or plasma. Regular galaxy kinematics occur when no oscillation is present. Galactic systems contain both oscillating and non-oscillating components.
Sources of expansion are relativistic or cosmological. Cymatic-like or systematic vibration at resonant frequencies may contribute to expansion activity by reducing gravitational effects. There is potential for very large polygonal boundaries as weak magnetic fields from currents in space expand and tessellate while focusing cusps oscillate the nuclear system.
Note: Supergranules in the solar photosphere are other types of polygonal cells in the space environment. Hannes Alfven correctly predicted electromagnetic/hydrodynamic and cellular/filamentary features of the plasma universe.
If the universe or local field was not expanding, galaxies or clusters of galaxies would not exhibit complexity. No fluid dynamic qualities evolve from contracting or static bubble films.
